According to the mechanism of associative polymers forming large-size congeries through association of hydrophobic side chains, the association degree of the associated polymer was controlled using β-cyclodextrin with the amphiphilic structure, and the association degree of the associating polymer in porous media was indirectly calculated by the viscosity of polymer solution. Viscosity was used for evaluation of association degree of polymer in porous media indirectly. The paper provided a detailed experimental study of association behavior in porous media, including effect of β-cyclodextrin concentration on the polymer viscosity, congeries form, and association degree under different permeability. The results showed that β-cyclodextrin was only wrapped on the hydrophobic side chains of the associative polymer, but had no effect on the molecular backbone of associative polymer and the molecular structure of linear polymer. The contribution rate of association viscosity to apparent viscosity was more than 94%. The association degree of associative polymer in the porous medium increased with the increase of the permeability. The size of the aggregates formed by the association polymer was more compatible with the pore size of the core due to the presence of the association. The degree of association of the polymer in the core with permeability below 4 000 × 10-3 μm2 was less than 10%.

Based on different proportions of CO2 and CH4 mixture gas source, the experiment pretreated Changqing oil by using selfmade saturated dissolved gas crude oil processing device under simulated stratum conditions, and then saturated dissolved gas crude oil was got through step by step depressurizing under gathering and transportation conditions (0~3.5 MPa). Crude oil's solubility (Rs), volume factor (Bo), condensation point (TZ), viscosity (μ) and yield value (τy) were studied by using highpressure equipment, which could measure properties of live oil, and highpressure rheometer. The results showed that Rs and Bo increased with the increase of pressure. As the temperature increased, Rs decreased and Bo increased. When experiments were conducted with the same temperature and pressure, Rs (CO2) was the double of Rs(CH4), and the Rs of mixture gas was between the two formers, and the crude oil got better expansion effect with the mixture gas. Among mixture gas, molar ratio of 9∶1 (n(CO2)/n(CH4)) had the best expansion effect, and such mixture gas had best improvement of crude oil's condensation point, viscosity and yield value.

Natural gas hydrate has the advantages of abundant reserves, large calorific value and low emission, which can mitigate the environmental pollution problems caused by traditional fossil energy. The generation process of natural gas hydrate form is a system with multicomponents and multiphysical states. The nucleation process is complex, which needs to consider the effects of pressure, temperature, promoters, stirring speed and so on. It is difficult to accurately predict the hydrate formation, because the hydrate formation process not only involves thermodynamics problems but also dynamics problems. In our paper, the support vector machine theory combined with experimental data was used to establish support vector machine prediction model for predicting natural gas hydrate equilibrium pressure. The prediction accuracy was estimated by using the mean square error, the square correlation coefficient, the square absolute percentage error and the average absolute error. The results are 8.370 08×10-5，99.897 6%，0.542 4%，1.990 0%，respectively. The pretreatment origin data were normalized (［1，2］) and the nuclear parameter g(4)and punishment factor c(1.414 2) were optimized by using cross validation methods. Simulation results show that the equilibrium pressure obtained by support vector prediction model is good in agreement with the equilibrium obtained by experiments. The better ideal prediction effects prove that the model has advantages of accuracy and reliability. It can provide certain reference for research on natural gas hydrate in future.

Based on the primary production separators (CEPAV2001A/B) of an offshore center platform in domestic, models, in line with actual production, are established. Key parameters in the separators and relief characteristics are investigated when choking accident occurs. Following conclusion is drawing: Firstly, when oil or gas outlet of CEPAV2001A is blocked, separator pressure will surpass the set point of SDV and PSV, and protection devices, such as SDV or PSV, should be taken into account. However, while the water outlet is choked, the pressure will not climb too high to protection; Secondly, according to simulation and comparison, a Gtype PSV with 324.5 mmdiameter is selected for protection under blocking accident; Lastly, equipping with two separators in parallel can ease, or eliminate the pressure climbing of the system. 

Oil displacement efficiency is one of the important parameters affecting the oil reservoir recovery, and the pore volume injection rate is the decisive factor that directly affects the ultimate oil displacement efficiency in the sweep zone. The semi quantitative relationship between the displacement efficiency and the injection volume of pore volume is derived by using the percolation equation expressed by the phase permeability index, combining with the BL theory and the Welge equation. The relation curve satisfies the life cycle theory and the quantitative relation expression between them is deduced according to the law of Logistic growth. At the same time, the optimal pore volume injection ratio is determined by the twoorder derivative curve. With the oil field entering the high water cut stage, the quantitative evaluation method of oil displacement efficiency is of great significance for evaluating the development effect of water flooding reservoir and tap the potential of the reservoir.

Feldspar Dissolution has an important influence on the development of secondary porosity of tight sandstone reservoir and the storage of oilgas. In order to solve problem of lack of recognition for dissolution mechanism of feldspar of tight sandstone and its influencing factors, through literature researches, a synthetic analysis of dissolution mechanism of feldspar and its influencing factors was made. Results show that organic acid generated from hydrocarbon source rocks and meteoric water both can dissolve feldspar. Feldspar dissolve incongruently, the surface reaction model and the leachedlayer diffusion model have been used to describe the feldspar dissolution mechanism. According to thermodynamic calculation, maximum of Gibbs free energy increment involved in Kfeldspar dissolution reaction, followed by albite, and anorthite dissolution reaction shows the minimum Gibbs free energy increment, disslution reactions of Kfeldspar and albite show negative correlation between Gibbs free energy increment and temperature, but anorthite dissolution reaction shows opposite tendency. Feldspar dissolution is controlled by its composition and structure, temperature and pressure condition, pH and acid type.

The plugging effect of micro crosslinked polymer microspheres was studied by using nucleopore membrane filtration experiment. The experimental results show that the salinity has a great effect on the plugging effect of SMGm microspheres. With the increasing of NaCl concentration, the plugging effect becomes better. Under the conditions of same pressure and microsphere concentration, the filtration time of SMGm microspheres is better than that of high pressure. The results show that the effect of concentration on the filtration time is complicated and there is no obvious regularity.

The slurry bed hydrogenation was studied using vacuum residue from CNOOC Huizhou Refining & Chemical as raw material. The effects of reaction temperature, hydrogen partial pressure, catalyst mass fraction and airspeed on the conversion rate and the yield of each product were investigated in slurry bed hydrocracking reactor of independent research and development. The results showed that under the optimal reaction conditions of reaction temperature 460 ℃, hydrogen partial pressure 14 MPa, hydrogen oil volume ratio 1 000∶1, catalyst mass fraction 300 μg/g and space velocity 1.0 h ^-1, the residue conversion rate was 90.50%, The coke rate was 5.01%. At the same time, the reaction mechanism and the coking mechanism of the hydrogenation reaction of the suspended sediment were analyzed, which provided theoretical guidance and technical support for the industrialization of the hydrocracking technology.

Using hydrophobic nanosilicon dioxide, deionized water and basic compounds as the raw material, dry water and dry alkali catalysts such as white granulated sugar were prepared. The effect of mass ratio on form of dry water and alkaline dry alkali was investigated. The effect of the different dry base catalysts, content of active constituents, gas flow and service life of the catalyst on the COS hydrolysis transforming rate were investigated. The results showed that under the condition of room temperature, gas flow of 10 mL/min, dry calcium oxide(CaO(1 g)+deionized water(79 g)+hydrophobic nanosilicon dioxide(20 g) were the optimum catalyst active component ) of 2 g, COS hydrolysis transforming rate reached 90%, and the service life of the catalyst was 340 min.

The adsorption of Co ²⁺ and Mn ²⁺ in both simulated and industrial PTA wastewater by CH-90 cation exchange resin was investigated. Different parameters including the pH value, contact time and dosage on the adsorption performance were conducted. The optima adsorption capacity in simulated wastewater was obtained under the condition of pH=3.5 and 2 g/L dosage, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 55.4 mg/g, 50.5 mg/g for Co (II) and Mn (II) respectively. While in industrial wastewater the optima dosage reached high up to 24 g/L likely due to the interference of concentrated COD and the unfavorable pH value. The adsorption kinetics data were analyzed which followed the pseudosecondorder kinetics model. It was shown that the CH-90 resin could be regenerated in strong acid solution and then reused for more than 15 times, which therefore greatly reduced the usecost. 

Reciprocating compressor is one of the important equipments in the industrial field. The vibration problem has always existed in the pipe system of reciprocating compressor. By modal and harmonic response analysis, we can get the result that can accurately figure out the vibration characteristics of the structure. Aiming at vibration problems of reciprocating compressor piping of natural gas on the platformi n an oil field, it was found that the natural frequency of the piping was coincident with the resonance region of the excitation frequency by means of modal analysis and harmonic analysis. The method was proposed to change the supporting position and add reasonable support. Through numerical simulation and experiment data, it was found that pipe inherent frequency value was increased effectively, the amplitude of vibration was reduced, and the feasibility of the method was so verified.

Via heating pipelining method, Changqing waxy crude oils with few resins and asphaltenes are transported in Jiangsan-Jinger pipelines, which makes great demands on the safe, economic and efficient pipelining technology. Based on crude oil rheology, physical chemistry and gel chemistry theory, the control stress rheometer was first used to test the complex rheological behaviors of the crude oil, such as viscosity-temperature, yielding, viscoelastic and thixotropic properties. The rheological equation and thixotropic model were then created to fit the Changqing waxy crude oil. Finally, based on the rheological properties, pipeline flow and heat transfer properties, thermal and hydraulic coupling characteristics of the Jingsan-Jinger pipelines, the restart characteristics were forecasted. Results showed that the shear dilution properties became more obvious with the decreasing temperatures below abnormal point; above the pour point, the gelled crude oil showed ductility properties, while below the pour point, it showed a strong brittleness nature, and with the decrease of temperature, yielding stress value increased exponentially; under the constant shear rate, the destruction and reformation of the gel structure occurred in the early 10 min. The prediction of the pipeline restart properties showed that after being shut down for 32 h, pipeline crude oil temperature at the end would drop to the abnormal point; after being shut down for 48 h, pipeline crude oil temperature at the end would drop to the pour point. Considering the safety of pipeline operation, the maximal shutdown time was 32 h, corresponding to the restart pressure of 1.51 MPa.

In order to measure the concentration of mixed oil transported in pipeline more precisely, the conductivity probe is modified and applied to determin concentration of mix oil in the pipeline based on the principle of the conductance measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flow's liquid holdup. The experimental apparatus can be used to calibrate the probe by measuring the different concentration of brine to obtain the corresponding output signal. The calibrated experimental apparatus can easily measure the concentration of mixed oil at different times and different positions of the pipeline cross section.

Two layers , including K1 and K2, are mainly developed for the low permeability reservoir in the Ordos Basin. The main layer of the K1 with interlayer growth contains 4 lower layers. However, with more than 20 years producing, re-fracturing for filling and extension the old hydraulic fracture couldn't extract remaining oil obviously because of the interlayers and heterogeneity, which cause the water cut rising and oil increment decreased year by year. Physical property boundary and stimulation evaluation about the residual oil have been evaluated on the analysis of the vertical distribution of remaining oil in reservoir. The main influence factors of the effect of repeated fracturing control by orthogonal design principle of are obtained after researching the alternation of stress and physical property. Fracturing technology of the "hydraulic jetting+K344 single packer" is put forward for the remaining oil. The field test of 10 wells after application of full 3D fracturing software to optimize the key parameters of refracturing proof that the oil per day is nearly 1.5 times as much as the initial production.

In the process of bottom water reservoir development, bottom water coning leads to the problem of increasing water content in production wells. A three-dimensional vertical-well reservoir physical simulation device was established, and was used to study the nitrogen injection for controlling bottom water coning. The influencing rules of nitrogen injection timing, injection rate, injection volume and shut-off time were studied. The research shows that the production wells to injection of nitrogen in bottom water reservoir can effectively reduce the produced liquid water content, prolong production time, so as to achieve the effect of stabilizing oil production by control of the bottom water coning. When the nitrogen injection was carried out, the injection rate of nitrogen had little effect on the water control effect, and the injection rate of nitrogen and the time after the injection of gas had a great influence on the effect of water control.

Aiming at the reservoir geological characteristics and fluid properties of BZ251s oilfield in Bohai reservoir, taking diversion ratio, interfacial tension, viscosity and structure of the emulsion as evaluation index, the reducing viscosity effects of emulsification and its related mechanism were studied. The results showed that, when the ratio of oil and water was less than 7∶3, and the concentration of emulsion agent was higher than 600 mg/L, the intensified disperse system could form emulsion liquid with crude oil, and its ratio of reducing viscosity could reach 80%. Compared with the intensified cold production system, the intensified dispersion system had a significant advantage in demulsification, reducing interfacial tension and anti adsorption. The emulsification of this system and crude oil could lead to part of the component getting into the crude oil, which influenced the interfacial tension and emulsification effects between crude oil and the intensified disperse system. The intensified dispersion system can reduce the injection pressure and water content increasing rate，and it can enhance the oil recovery more effectively.

      Poly(Butylene Itaconate) (PBI) was synthesized with itaconic acid (IA) and 1,4-butylene glycol (BOD) by direct esterificationpolycondensation (No.1 method) and stepwise feeding process (No.2 method), respectively. The reaction process of two methods was investigated by determining the acid value, the intrinsic viscosity, the relative molecular mass and its distribution. The results showed that the acid value of synthetic PBI by No.1 method was higher than 40 mg(KOH)/g, the intrinsic viscosity was 8.232 1 mL/g, the molecular weight was 2 889, and the molecular weight dispersion coefficient was 1.614. As for No.2 method of synthetic PBI, the acid value was lower than 39.61 mg(KOH)/g, the intrinsic viscosity was 6.697 3 mL/g, the molecular weight was 2 559, and the molecular weight dispersion coefficient was 1.568. The structure of polyester was confirmed by means of Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR). By comprehensive comparison, stepwise feeding process was the better way to synthesize PBI.

A winwin purpose of Carbon Dioxide(CO ₂ ) emissions and efficient reservoir development can be achieved by injecting CO ₂  into reservoir. How to effectively reduce miscibility pressure between CO ₂  and crude oil, is one of the major hot and difficult problems for enhancing oil recovery by CO ₂  flooding. The methods of miscibility pressure reduction using CO ₂ flooding are compared, and new efficient CO ₂ philic surfactants are explored. Currently, mixing cosolvent with CO ₂  is limited by the price. Supercritical CO ₂  micromulsion can also reduce the miscibility pressure, while the main study is focused on reducing oil/water interfacial tension of ionic surfactants. Nonionic surfactants that can reduce oil/CO ₂  interfacial tension are rarely reported. Dissolving capacity of polar compounds in CO ₂  is small for the poor compatibility between CO ₂  and nonionic surfactant. So, the key to reduce miscibility pressure is CO ₂ philic surfactant.

The mathematical model was developed to describe the physical process of batching cool and hot crud oil. The hydraulic and thermal variation process of Jinhua pipeline batching transportation of Jidong crude oil and imported crude oil was simulated by selfdeveloped calculation program. Different transportation schemes were compared to determine an appropriate operation scheme of Jinhua pipeline. The results showed after the number of batching transportation cycle reaches to 2 or 3, the suction oil temperature of the next station changed periodically. The batching transportation safety of cool and hot crude oil can all be improved by heating the front cool crude oil or increasing the throughput of hot crude oil. By comparing different scheme, the appropriate batching transportation scheme for Jinhua pipeline in winter was determined. 

Water sensitive damage and liquid trap caused by waterbased drilling fluid invasion are very prominent problems in the process of shale gas drilling and exploitation, which seriously affect drilling safety and production of shale gas well. According to the shale gas reservoir characterization and reservoir damage factor, based on nanoemulsion theory and basic reservoir protection principle, a novel nanoemulsion agents named SDME2 were developed by employing Gemini hyamine surfactant GTN, plus Tween 80, namyl alcohol and noctane as major raw materials. The results showed that the novel nanoemulsion agent could effectively reduce the surface tension of external fluid, increase contact angle, decrease water saturation in core, and increase recovery of low permeability reservoir permeability. The novel nanoemulsion agent was also conducive to shale gas desorption. Taking the newly developed shale gas reservoir protection agent as one of primary treatment agents, a new type of waterbased drilling fluid for shale gas reservoir protection was developed and its performance was good.

Molecular aggregation state of saltresistance polymer was changed by intermolecular association, which transparently enhanced its property of saltresistance. However, molecular size was increased while the state of molecular aggregation was changed. Thus the question of worse adaptability between saltresistance polymer and reservoir came out. By means of instrument analysis, chemical analysis and modern physical simulation method, taking reservoir geology, fluids and polymersurfactant agent of Daqing as research platform, regarding polymersurfactant solution viscosity, molecular thread size and seepage characteristics as evaluation index, the research on the adjusting method and effect of the state of molecular aggregation of polymersurfactant agent was carried out. The results showed that βCD could restrain the association of polymersurfactant molecules, thus reduce the size of molecular aggregation of polymersurfactant agent. All this led to the wider range of the permeability that could be flowed through. There existed a best matching relationship between polymersurfactant/βCD and core heterogeneity. On this point, the effect of enlarging sweeping volume of polymersurfactant agent was optimal and recovery efficiency reached a climax. 

A calculation of formation capacity in QK oilfield was carried out to identify the distribution of main water injection layers. A comprehensive core flowing test based on orthogonal design with 15 core samples (2 000 mD approximately) was carried out and the core permeability damage rate indicated that the damage degree was caused by particle size distribution, concentration and oil concentration. Take all these factors into consideration, the impact on the damage degree in decreasing order was oil concentration, particle concentration and particle size. Meanwhile damage rate was predict applying statistical analysis under other conditions then the error range between the predictive value and the true value, was obtained and verified. The results can be concluded that when particle size, concentration and oil concentrations were of 4 μm, 3 mg/L and 18 mg/L or 4 μm, 7 mg/L and 15 mg/L, damage rate were 22.5% and 25%.

The traditional rod pumping unit with high share and low efficiency is still dominant in the energy consumption of oilfield, thus, the accurate evaluation of rod pumping unit energy consumption is significance to guide oilfield energy saving. Based on fuzzy mathematic theory and combined with the related standard, evaluation index system of energy consumption is established. Then, rod pumping unit energy consumption fuzzy evaluation model is set up by calculating index weight and membership function. The well of Xinjiang Oilfield is chosen for example analysis. The results show that the motor is not match and out of balance. The field specialist shows that the valuation model is comprehensive and accurate.

The Y/MCM41 composite molecular sieve was prepared by postsynthesis method and its performance was characterized by XRD, BET, N2 adsorptiondesorption and so on. In addition, its hydrothermal stability was studied. The results showed that the optimized synthesis conditions are as follows: pH 11,CTAB and SiO2 molar ratio of 0.15,crystallization time 48 h,and the composite molecular sieve had the properties of both mesoporous MCM41 and microporous Y. The acidity and hydrothermal stability of composite molecular sieve were better than that of pure mesoporous MCM41.

Heteropoly acid type ionic liquid BMAI［HPW12O40］ was synthesized as catalyst for simulate diesel oxidative desulfurization which was characterized by 1HNMR,13CNMR,IR and TG. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature of 40 ℃, 15 mL oil sample, 1.75 mL hydrogen peroxide and 0.028 g heteropoly acid type ionic liquid. Under this conditions, good desulfurization ratio (95.5%) can be achieved. After the reaction, diesel oil and catalyst can be separated by simple decantation, and the activity of catalysts would not change obviously after recycling for 5 times. Furthermore, the oxidation kinetics of 4,6dimethyldibenzothiophen was investigated. The oxidation of 4,6DMDBT can be treated as a firstorder reaction, with the apparent activation energy Ea 31.55 kJ/mol and the preexponential factor K0 2.36×104 min-1.